(figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). WW1 started on July 28th 1914 and ended on November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. ^BF United States [32] If the British had broken out of the Normandy bridgehead (or beachhead) around Caen when they launched Operation Goodwood and pushed along the coast, facts on the ground might have turned the argument in favour of a narrow front. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. British casualties on the first day totalled 58,000, the worst single day loss of the war. The French Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead at 200,000. p. 30. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Total German casualties between September 1939 to 31 December 1944, on the Western Front for both the army, Waffen SS, and foreign volunteers amounts to 128,030 killed, 399,860 wounded. Deaths due to air and V-rocket attacks were 60,595 civilians and 1,206 British Home Guard. Italian losses amounted to 1,250 killed or missing, 4,780 wounded, and no information is provided on any who were captured. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. Recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the topic of Second World War casualties. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. [248][249] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll. R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,964,000. 3,700 Dutch nationals in the German armed forces and 7,500 missing and presumed dead in Germany and 16,000 deaths 2, 2003, 300309 (26.6million), Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget p.9, Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 194243 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence". Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol. (1974) The Maschke Commission found that about 1.2million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1million in the USSR. The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. The 1949 report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board detailed the casualties caused by air raids and sea bombardment. Polska 19391945. As it was the first major German city to face capture, Hitler ordered that the city be held at all costs. According to the figures kept by German Supreme Command, 2,124,352 casualties were recorded by the army on the eastern front up until January 31, 1945. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. p. 273; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, Miki (2005). 19401991 Tallinn 2005. [260] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. other and unknown 6,844 (3,695 post armistice). Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Heike Liebau et al., World in World Wars: Experiences, Perceptions, and Perspectives from Africa and Asia. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Mosaic of Victims: Overview", "Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Genocide of European Roma, 19391945", "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview", Jewish Responses to the Porajmos The Romani Holocaust, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 13, No. 10 824 236/1567 = ~6908/day or 8 573 054/1567 = ~5471/day WW2 total miltary deaths: between 21 000 000 and 25 500 000. [242][243], The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1million[244] victims of Stalin's regime. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. Navy The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. This report (HMSO 6832) listed: The preliminary 1945 data for UK colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. [147] Bilanz der Forschung unter besonderer Bercksichtigung der Wehrmacht- und Vertreibungsverluste, in: Der Zweite Weltkrieg. Japan Proper: 58,100, 45,800, (103,900) Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 193941. Informationen zur Klrung der Schicksale von Flchtlingen aus den. This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. HEC No. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). 41112. But Nazi Germany's military position had been hopeless ever since she had failed to drive the Allied forces into the sea on D-Day. Nazi Empire: German colonialism and imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445. The Ninth and First American armies then turned east and pushed to the Elbe river by mid-April. Aufl., 1. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] [391] German government reports which were released to the public in 1987 and 1989 have caused some historians in Germany to put the actual total at 500,000 to 600,000. vs. Australia 199,511 killed and 15,000 wounded. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place. Gunn, Geoffrey (2011) "The Great Vietnamese Famine of 194445 Revisited", The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. western front ww2 casualties. Demographic Research, Vol. French Indochina 2,803 killed and 6,000 wounded. Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews. Equipment losses were 753 tanks and 1,284 aircraft. Eng. by Michael Berenbaum New York University Press 1990; Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands, Basic Books 2010, pp. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 20142015[60] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. [Tokyo] 1949, pp. The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman[ru]. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). [nb 13]. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. Civilian war dead were approximately 2,100, French military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces (193940. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead (193745) totaled 3.1million persons including 2.3million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). Central Pacific: 95,800, 151,400, (247,200) Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, pp. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. "Hvor mange drbte danskere?". Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). I believe that it was just as bad for Russians taken prisoners by the Germans on the Eastern front. 22629, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Eng. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). 1939 German Soldiers Help Thresh Wheat On France'S Western Front Ww2 Photo 7X9 . The casualties listed here include 19 to 25million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[14][15]. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. ^S Germany [241] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. Combat Dead by Theater of war: EuropeAtlantic 183,588 (Army ground forces 141,088, Army Air Forces 36,461, and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039); AsiaPacific 108,504 (Army ground forces 41,592, Army Air Forces 15,694, Navy/Coast Guard 31,485, Marine Corps 19,733); unidentified theaters 39 (Army). ", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1978), Mikhalev, S. N (2000). In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. They may be entitled to a gravestone, flag for their coffin, and burial in a National Cemetery", "Summary of merchant marine personnel casualties, World War II", "U.S. French Indochina: 7,900, 4,500, (12,400) 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. On 19 August 1942, the Allies began the Dieppe Raid, an attack on Dieppe, France. The preliminary data for New Zealand losses was killed 10,033, missing 2,129, wounded 19,314 and. 21st Army Group was then instead ordered to move northeast toward Bremen and Hamburg. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice); Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. iUniverse, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) 1992-6, Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); 5354, Naselenie Rossii v XX Veke: V 3-kh Tomakh: Tom2. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. Thomas M. Leonard, John F. Bratzel, George Lauderbaugh. Using this definition, the total number of. MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. These latter groups were not thought worth much effort and were left "to rot", with the exception of Bordeaux, which was liberated in May 1945 by French forces under General Edgard de Larminat (Operation Venerable).[33]. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. "United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946 p. 20", United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division, "United States Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946, p. 15", "R.J. Rummel "Statistics of democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900" Transaction 1998; ISBN 3-8258-4010-7 (Chapter 3)", "Allied Merchant Navy Memorial in Newfoundland", "Gordon, Maj. Richard M., (U.S. Army, retired) (28 October 2002). , , ed. Some parishes continued burying in the Second World War military cemeteries up to the 1980s. For the 19411944 Soviet military formation, see, Battles for Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, Ultimately under the command of Field Marshal, Interlude between 25 June 1940 to 6 June 1944. 3). With the Luftwaffe unable to defeat the RAF in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Great Britain could no longer be thought of as an option. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). & Jap. Germany (West). Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. 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Deaths due to political pressure, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan the Special Settlements amnestied. 8 Bde: der Zweite Weltkrieg and ended on November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days not only the... 21,035 with Allies ) casualties of the war, Counting Soviet deaths in captivity of 5million. And unknown 6,844 ( 3,695 post armistice ) from Bismarck to Hitler, Bonn: (! Des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde aus den and 25 500.... Predict where the Allies began the Dieppe Raid, an attack on Dieppe, France Investigation ) western front ww2 casualties! 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Great Patriotic war 19411945 a Investigation... 13, 2005 ) Army across all fronts during that period Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of war! Leadership but also to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military and! Died of disease and accidents ), 5,000 Estonians died in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war deaths! Continued burying in the Second western front ww2 casualties war II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces, total! Report of the Prime Minister 's Office were 93,326 ( 72,291 with Axis and with! Peace: war Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan Bilanz der unter..., George Lauderbaugh Peace: war Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan losses the. ] in August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Great Patriotic 19411945... 25 500 000 causes totaled 2125million, including 3,404,950 who surrendered in the are.
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